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- ***********************************************************
- * Membrane attack complex components / perforin signature *
- ***********************************************************
-
- The membrane-attack complex (MAC) of the complement system forms transmembrane
- channels. These channels disrupt the phospholipid bilayer of target cells,
- leading to cell lysis and death [1,2]. A number of proteins participate in the
- assembly of the MAC. Freshly activated C5b binds to C6 to form a C5b-6
- complex, then to C7 forming the C5b-7 complex. The C5b-7 complex binds to C8,
- which is composed of three chains (alpha, beta, and gamma), thus forming the
- C5b-8 complex. C5b-8 subsequently binds to C9 and acts as a catalyst in the
- polymerization of C9. Active MAC has a subunit composition of C5b-C6-C7-C8-
- C9{n}.
-
- Perforin [2,3] is a protein found in cytolytic T-cell and killer cells. In the
- presence of calcium, perforin polymerizes into transmembrane tubules and is
- capable of lysing, non-specifically, a variety of target cells.
-
- There are a number of regions of similarity in the sequences of complement
- components C6, C7, C8-alpha, C8-beta, C9 and perforin. As a signature for
- these proteins, we have selected the best conserved of these regions, located
- in a probable membrane-spanning segment [4].
-
- -Consensus pattern: Y-x(6)-[FY]-G-T-H-[FY]
- -Sequences known to belong to this class detected by the pattern: ALL.
- -Other sequence(s) detected in SWISS-PROT: NONE.
-
- -Expert(s) to contact by email: Peitsch M.C.
- mcp13936@ggr.co.uk
-
- -Last update: June 1994 / Text revised.
-
- [ 1] Reid K.B.M.
- (In) Molecular Immunology, Hames B.D., Glover D.M., Eds, pp189-241,
- IRL-Press, Oxford, (1988).
- [ 2] Peitsch M.C., Tschopp J.
- Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 3:710-716(1991).
- [ 3] Lichtenheld M.G., Olsen K.J., Lu P., Lowrey D.M., Hameed A.,
- Hengartner H., Podack E.R.
- Nature 335:448-451(1988).
- [ 4] Peitsch M.C., Amiguet P., Guy R., Brunner J., Maizel J.V. Jr., Tschopp J.
- Mol. Immunol. 27:589-602(1990).
-